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The Impact of Deinstitutionalizing Psychiatric Services on the Accessing of Mental Health Services by People with Higher Levels of Psychological Distress

Publication: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
12 July 2006

Abstract

Even though the policy of deinstitutionalization of mental health services purports to improve access to community-based services, there is a paucity of research that evaluates the impact of this policy on the general community. The research in this study builds on an empirical analysis of 40 years of the process of deinstitutionalization of mental health services in Canada (Sealy & Whitehead, 2004). An experimental design is simulated through the use of a derived construct—earlier vs. later deinstitutionalization—in order to test whether the policy of deinstitutionalization has achieved the goal of improving the accessing of mental health services by people with increased levels of psychological distress, while taking into consideration various social correlates. Data about the accessing of mental health services were obtained in the National Population Health Survey (Statistics Canada, 1996, 2001). Results identify that provinces that implemented deinstitutionalization earlier show improved access of community mental health services and fewer social inequalities of access. Nevertheless, the majority of people who have higher levels of psychological distress have not accessed mental health services.

Résumé

L'un des objectifs de la désinstitutionnalisation en milieu psychiatrique est d'améliorer l'accès aux services communautaires de santé mentale, mais bien peu de recherches ont mesuré son impact sur la collectivité générale. Les résultats de recherche présentés ici sont tirés de l'analyse empirique du processus de désinstitutionnalisation des services de santé mentale en cours depuis 40 ans au Canada (Sealy & Whitehead, 2004). Les chercheurs ont élaboré un modèle expérimental fondé sur des paramètres dérivés (désinstitutionnalisation précoce et tardive), afin d'établir dans quelle mesure les politiques de désinstitutionnalisation ont atteint l'objectif d'amélioration de l'ac-cès aux soins de santé mentale par les personnes dont le niveau de détresse psycholo-gique est plus élevé; le modèle prend également en considération certains corrélats sociaux. Les données concernant l'accès aux services de santé mentale ont été puisées dans l'Enquête nationale sur la santé de la population (Statistique Canada, 1996, 2001). Les résultats de l'étude démontrent une amélioration de l'accès aux services communautaires de santé mentale ainsi qu'une diminution des inégalités sociales relatives à cet accès dans les provinces où la désinstitutionnalisation a été mise en œuvre de façon précoce. Néanmoins, la majorité des personnes souffrant de détresse psychologique élevée n'ont pas obtenu accès aux services de santé mentale.

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cover image Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Volume 25Number 1April 2006
Pages: 1 - 15

History

Version of record online: 12 July 2006

Authors

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Patricia Sealy
Middlesex London Public Health Unit and University of Western Ontario
Paul C. Whitehead
University of Western Ontario

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1. What’s in the Basket of Services? Support Preferences of Mental Health Consumers and Family Members

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