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Psychiatric Challenges to the Asylum: A Theme in the Development of Canadian psychiatry, 1918-1963

Publication: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
April 1989

Abstract

This paper examines the relation between psychiatric challenges to the asylum and the professionalization of psychiatry in twentieth century Canada. It is argued that psychiatry established a presence outside the asylum through two somewhat conflicting strategies. The first strategy involved a convergence with medicine. In seeking the scientific credibility associated with medicine and medical specialties psychiatrists struggled to establish institutional arrangements parallel to those of medicine. The second strategy involved a divergence from medicine. Many psychiatrists refused to allow their occupation to be seen as just another medical specialty and promoted a more global view of health and health care than that characteristic of mainstream medicine. The paper analyzes the origins and influence of these two strategies between 1918 and the 1950s. It also identifies the circumstances which led psychiatrists to reaffirm their ties with medicine in the 1960s.

Résumé

Le présent article examine la relation entre le questionnement psychiatrique de l'asile et la professionnalisation de la psychiatric au vingtiéme siècle. On démontre que la psychiatric s'est créé une place hors de l'asile en utilisant deux stratégies opposées. La premiére stratégie constitue une convergence avec la médecine. En recherchant une crédibilité scientifique associée à la médecine et aux spécialisations médicales, les psychiatres se sont battus pour établir des aménagements institutionnels parallèles à ceux de la médecine. La seconde stratégic se basait sur une divergence avec la médecine. Plusieurs psychiatres ont refusé que l'on considére leur profession comme une spécialisation médicale et ont fait la promotion d'une approche de la santé et des soins de santé plus globale que celle de la médecine courante. L'article analyse l'origine et l'influence de ces deux stratégies entre 1918 et les années 50. On identifie aussi les circonstances qui ont conduit les psychiatres à réaffirmer leurs liens avec la médecine dans les années 60.

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cover image Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Volume 8Number 1April 1989
Pages: 75 - 91

History

Version of record online: 29 April 2009

Authors

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David MacLennan
University of Western Ontario

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