Open access

Access to Mental Health Supports and Services: Perspectives of Young Women Living in Rural Nova Scotia (Canada)

Publication: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
1 October 2021

Abstract

There is limited literature on youths’ experiences of accessing mental health supports and services in rural Canada. Through interviews with young women, this research explored barriers and facilitators to accessing mental health services and supports in rural Nova Scotia. Participants shared numerous barriers at the family, school, and community levels, including stigma from family, lack of knowledge of school supports, and limited community service options. Facilitators also existed at these three levels, including supportive parents, school-based service availability, and supportive community members. Increased investment in school-based services may improve access; however, an understanding of young men’s experiences is needed first.

Résumé

Peu de documentation existe sur les expériences vécues par les jeunes en matière d’accès aux services de soins et de soutien en santé mentale dans les régions rurales du Canada. Par le biais d’entrevues réalisées auprès de jeunes femmes, la présente étude explore les obstacles et les facteurs faisant entrave ou facilitant l’accès aux services de soins et de soutien en santé mentale dans les régions rurales de la Nouvelle-Écosse. Les participantes à l’étude ont fait part de nombreux obstacles rencontrés au niveau familial, scolaire et communautaire, notamment la stigmatisation de la part de la famille, les connaissances insuffisantes des mesures de soutien offertes en milieu scolaire et les options limitées en matière de services communautaires. L’existence de facilitateurs à chacun de ces niveaux a cependant été soulevée, lesquels se présentent notamment sous la forme de parents aidants, de la disponibilité de services d’aide en milieu scolaire et la présence d’accompagnateurs communautaires. Un investissement accru dans les services offerts en milieu scolaire pourrait en améliorer l’accès. Néanmoins, il convient en premier lieu de bien comprendre les expériences que vivent les jeunes hommes.

Formats available

You can view the full content in the following formats:

References

Arora P. G. and Khoo O. 2020 Sources of stress and barriers to mental health service use among Asian immigrantorigin youth: A qualitative exploration Journal of Child and Family Studies 29 2590 -2601
Asbridge, M., & Langille, D. (2013). 2012 Nova Scotia student drug use survey: Technical report. http://0-nslegedeposit.gov.ns.ca.legcat.gov.ns.ca/deposit/b10659444.pdf
ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH. (2017). Version 8 Mac.
Blackstock J. S., Chae K. B, Mauk G. W., and McDonald A. 2018 Achieving access to mental health care for schoolaged children in rural communities: A literature review Rural Educator 39 1 12 -25
Boydell K. M., Pong R., Vollpe T., Tilleczek K., Wilson E., and Lemieux S. 2006 Family perspectives on pathways to mental health care for children and youth in rural communities National Rural Health Association 22 2 182 -188
Brofenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Harvard University Press.
Brown A., Rice S., Rickwood D., and Parker A. G. 2015 Systematic review of barriers and facilitators to accessing and engaging with mental health care among at-risk young people Asia-Pacific Psychiatry 8 1 3 -22
Bushnik, T. (2016). Women in Canada: A gender-based statistical report. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/89-503-x/2015001/article/14324-eng.htm
Caxaj C. S. 2016 A review of mental health approaches for rural communities: Complexities and opportunities in the Canadian context Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 35 1 3429 -45
Caxaj C. S. and Gill N. K. 2016 Belonging and mental wellbeing among a rural Indian Canadian diaspora: Navigating tensions in “finding a space of our own.” Qualitative Health Research 25 5 1 -14
Church M., Ellenbogen S., and Hudson A. 2020 Perceived barriers to accessing mental health services for rural and small city Cape Breton youth Social Work in Mental Health 18 5 554 -570
Ciarrochi J., Deane F., Wilson C., and Rickwood D. 2010 Adolescents who need help the most are the least likely to seek it: The relationship between low emotional competence and low intention to seek help British Journal of Guidance and Counselling 30 2 173 -188
Collins C. S. and Stockton C. M. 2018 The central role of theory in qualitative research International Journal of Qualitative Methods 17 1 -10
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. SAGE.
Corrigan P. 2004 How stigma interferes with mental health care American Psychologist 59 7 614 -625
Crumb L., Mingo M., and Crowe A. 2019 “Get over it and move on”: The impact of mental illness stigma in rural, low-income United States populations Mental Health & Prevention 13 143 -148
Doctors Nova Scotia. (2018). Road map to a stable physician workforce: Recommendations to stabilize the physician workforce in Nova Scotia. https://doctorsns.com/sites/default/files/2018-09/next-steps/Road-Map-to-a-Stable-Physician-Workforce_0.pdf
El Helou M., Nabhani M., and Bahous R. 2016 Teachers’ views on causes leading to their burnout School Leadership Management 36 5 551 -567
Ellis L. A., McCabe K. L., Nicholas M. A., Davenport T. A., Burns J. M., and Hickle I. B. 2014 Encouraging young men’s participation in mental health research and treatment: Perspectives in our technological age Clinical Investigation 4 10 881 -888
Friesen E. 2019 The landscape of mental health services in rural Canada University of Toronto Medical Journal 96 2 47 -52
Ghorbanzadeh M., Kim K., Ozguven E. E., and Horner M. W. 2020 A comparative analysis of transportation-based accessibility to mental health services Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 81 1 -10
Gibson K., Cartwright C., Kerrisk K., Campbell J., and Seymour F. 2015 What young people want: A qualitative study of adolescents’ priorities for engagement across psychological services Journal of Child and Family Studies 25 4 1057 -1065
Henderson, J. (2016, September 21). Pictou County mental health care improving, says Nova Scotia Health Authority. CBC News. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/novascotia/pictou-county-mental-health-improving-says-doctor-1.3401834
Jensen E. J., Wieling E., and Mendenhall T. 2020 A phenomenological study of clinicians’ perspectives on barriers to rural mental health care Journal of Rural Mental Health 44 1 51 -61
Kern L., Mathur S. R., Albrecht S. F., Poland S., Rozalski M., and Skiba R. J. 2017 The need for school-based mental health services and recommendations for implementation School Mental Health 9 205 -217
Kilpatrick A., Keeney S., and McCauley C. 2017 Tokenistic or genuinely effective? Exploring the views of the voluntary sector staff regarding the emerging peer support worker role in mental health Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 24 7 503 -512
Knight B. G. and Winterbotham S. 2018 Rural and urban older adults’ perceptions of mental health services accessibility Aging & Mental Health 24 6 1 -8
Leipert B., Regan S., and Plunkett R. 2015 Working through and around: Exploring rural public health nursing practices and policies to promote rural women’s health Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care 15 74 -99
Malla A., Shah J., Iyer S., Boksa P., Joober R., Andersson N., Lal S., and Fuhrer R. 2018 Youth mental health should be a top priority for health care in Canada The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 63 4 216 -222
Markoulakis R., Chan S., and Levitt A. 2020 The needs and service preferences of caregivers of youth with mental health and/or addictions concerns BMC Psychiatry 20 409 1 -11
McIsaac J., Read K., Veugelers P., and Kirk S. 2017 Culture matters: A case of school health promotion in Canada Health Promotion International 32 207 -217
Mei C., Fitzsimons J., Allen N., Alvarez-Jimenez M., Amminger G. P., Browne V., Cannon M., Dooley B., Hickie I. B., Iyer S., Killackey E., Malla A., Manion I., Mathias S., Pennell K., Purcell R., Rickwood D., Singh S., Wood S., and McGorry P. D. 2020 Global research priorities for youth mental health Early Intervention in Psychiatry 14 1 3 -13
Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2020). Children and youth. https://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/English/what-we-do/children-and-youth
Milligan, C., & Power, A. (2010). The changing geography of care. In T. Brown, S. McLafferty, & G. Moon (Eds.)., A companion to health and medical geography (pp. 567–586). Blackwell Publishing.
Musick, S. (2018, March 16). Psychiatric resources in Pictou County temporarily unavailable as doctor leaves. The News. http://www.ngnews.ca/news/psychiatryresources-in-pictou-county-temporarily-unavailable-as-doctor-leaves-194261/
Parr H., Philo C., and Burns N. 2004 Social geographies of rural mental health: Experiencing inclusions and exclusions Transactions of the Institute of British Geographies 29 4 401 -419
Patton G. C., Sawyer S. M., Santelli J. S., Ross D. A., Afifi R., Allen N. B., Arora M., Azzopardi P., Baldwin W., Bonell C., Kakuma R., Kennedy E., Mahon J., McGovern T., Mokdad A. H., Patel V., Petroni S., Reavley N., Taiwo K., Waldfogel J., and Viner R. M. 2016 Our future: A Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing Lancet (London, England) 387 10036 2423 -2478
Radez J., Reardon T., Creswell C., Lawrence P. J., Evdoka-Burton G., and Waite P. 2020 Why do children and adolescents (not) seek and access professional help for their mental health problems? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1 -29 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01469-4
Reaume-Zimmer P., Chandrasena R., Malla A., Joober R., Boksa P., and Lal S. 2019 Transforming youth mental health care in a semi-urban and rural region of Canada: A service description of ACCESS Open Minds Chatham-Kent Early Intervention in Psychiatry 13 51 48 -55
Roberts N., Hu T., Axas N., and Repetti L. 2017 Child and adolescent emergency and urgent mental health delivery through telepsychiatry: 12-Month prospective study Telemedicine and e-Health 23 10 842 -846
Rodger, S., Hibbert, K., Leschied, A. W., Masters, E. R. & Pandori-Chuckal, J. (2018). Mental health literacy is a fundamental part of teacher preparation: A Canadian perspective. In A. W. Leschied, D. Saklofske, & G. Flett, (Eds.), The Handbook of School-Based Mental Health Promotion: An Evidence Informed Framework for Implementation (pp 127–143). Springer International.
Shenton A. 2004 Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects Education for Information 22 63 -75
Statistics Canada. (2015). Sense of belonging to Canada, the province of residence and the local community. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/89-652-x/89-652-x2015004-eng.htm
Statistics Canada. (2018). Canada goes urban. Retrieved from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-630-x/11-630-x2015004-eng.htm.
Statistics Canada. (2019). Annual Demographic Estimates: Canada, Provinces and Territories 2019. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/pub/91-215-x/91-215-x2019001-eng.pdf?st=68dZLcne
Thompson R., Lindsey M. A., English D. J., Hawley K. M., Lambert S., and Browne D. C. 2007 The influence of family environment on mental health need and service use among vulnerable children Child Welfare 86 5 57 -74
Ungar, M., & McDonald, J. (2012). Come together: Report & recommendations of the mental health and addictions strategy advisory committee. http://0-nslegedeposit.gov.ns.ca.legcat.gov.ns.ca/deposit/b10647934.pdf
Weist M., Bruns E., Whitaker K., Wei Y., Kutcher S., Larsen T., and Short K. 2017 School mental health promotion and intervention: Experiences from four nations School Psychology International 38 4 343 -362
World Health Organization. (2018). Adolescent mental health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health
World Health Organization. (2020). Child and adolescent mental health. https://www.who.int/mental_health/maternal-child/child_adolescent/en/

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Volume 40Number 2July 2021
Pages: 89 - 103

History

Version of record online: 1 October 2021

Key Words

  1. adolescent
  2. mental disorders
  3. school health services
  4. rural population
  5. women’s health

Mots clés

  1. adolescentes
  2. troubles mentaux
  3. services de santé en milieu scolaire
  4. population rurale
  5. santé des femmes

Authors

Affiliations

Holly Mathias [email protected]
Lois Jackson
Jean Hughes
Mark Asbridge

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Other Metrics

Citations

Cite As

Export Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

There are no citations for this item

View Options

View options

PDF

View PDF

Get Access

Login options

Check if you access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Subscribe

Click on the button below to subscribe to Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health

Purchase options

Purchase this article to get full access to it.

Restore your content access

Enter your email address to restore your content access:

Note: This functionality works only for purchases done as a guest. If you already have an account, log in to access the content to which you are entitled.

Media

Media

Other

Tables

Share Options

Share

Share the article link

Share on social media