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Le Benevolat: Un Lien Entre Des Personnes Agees et la Communaute

Publication: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
April 1983

Abstract

This study examines the various solutions for loneliness and social isolation with the elderly who live outside of an institution. The sample consisted of senior citizens and volunteers who were randomly selected from a community day centre. Specifically, the study examines the effects of the relationship on the volunteer, the senior citizen and on their interactive process. The volunteers were divided into two intervention groups. One control intervention group played the role of the “friendly visitor” which consisted of visiting the senior citizen of their residence and interacting in an informal manner. The other group, the experimental intervention group consisted of volunteers who served as a “short-term link” between the elderly and the possible social community resources available to them. The volunteers motivational levels were examined as a function of which group they belonged to. The degree of loneliness and social isolation for the elderly were examined as a function of what kind of intervention they received. The results appear to demonstrate that the volunteers in the control group have 1) a higher degree of egocentrism and activity than the experimental group; 2) a lower level of altruism than the experimental group. For the elderly, the results seem to indicate that the degree of loneliness and social isolation substantially decreased when the elderly are visited by the volunteer belonged to the experimental intervention group. From these results, one can readily ascertain that the helping relationship of the short-term link nature lead to a more successful type of intervention for the elderly sample in this study. Implications and the importance of the role of the community psychologist are discussed as a function of the differences and similarities between the volunteers and the elderly respectively.

Résumé

Cette recherche décrit les changements qui surviennent, dans le cadre d'un project communautaire, lorsque qu'un bénévole (intervenant) entre en relation avec une personne âgée (bénéficiaire) vivant à domicile. Par l'intermédiaire de formations différentes, l'une destinée au rôle de visiteur amical (groupe contrôle) et l'autre destinée au rôle d'intermédiaire à court terme (groupe expérimental), sont étudiés les changements qui se produisent dans les motivations des bénévoles ainsi que leurs répercussions sur le degré de solitude ou d'isolement social des personnes àgées. Les données sont obtenues à partir d'une combinaison de tests fréquemment utilisés en psychologie (T.T.P. et G.A.T.) et de questionnaire élaborés selon les expériences de travail pratique avec ces deux populations. Les résultats laissent supposer: Premièrement que les degrés d'égocentrisme et d'activité sont supérieurs pour le groupe contrôle, alors que le degré d'altruisme est supérieur pour le groupe expérimental; deuxièmement que le degré de solitude ou d'isolement social des personnes àgées jumelées avec les bénévoles du groupe expérimental se modifie positivement par rapport aux personnes jumelées avec les bénévoles du groupe contrôle. La conclusion met en évidence les différences et les similarités qui apparaissent chez les deux populations en fonction de leur relation d'aide respective.

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cover image Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Volume 2Number 1April 1983
Pages: 59 - 70

History

Version of record online: 23 Avril 2009

Authors

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Lucie Martin
Université de Montréal
Margaret C. Kiely
Université de Montréal

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