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L'expérience de mères étudiantes monoparentales de minorités visibles fréquentant l'université: facteurs liés à l'adaptation psychosociale et à la persistance académique

Publication: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
29 Octobre 2013

Résumé

La recherche psychologique sur l'expérience universitaire des mères monoparentales de minorités visibles s'avère presque inexistante. C'est pourquoi la présente étude explore les facteurs de risque et de résilience associés à leur adaptation et leur succès scolaire, à l'aide d'une recherche participative favorisant l'utilisation de méthodes mixtes (2 questionnaires, soit la Mesure de stress psychologique et l’Échelle de satisfaction de vie, et des entrevues de groupe). Huit mères étudiantes ont participé à un premier groupe focalisé. Ces séances de discussion ont ensuite été analysées qualitativement selon l'approche phénoménologique interprétative (API). Une fois les résultats préliminaires obtenus, les participantes ont été convoquées à un second groupe focalisé pour valider ces derniers. À la lumière de ce processus de recherche participative, 2 thèmes émergent de leur discours: (a) l'expérience maternelle et (b) l'acculturation, soit l'adaptation et l'intégration à la société d'accueil et au milieu universitaire. Ces résultats ont été mis en commun avec ceux des questionnaires, révélant un faible niveau de stress psychologique et un niveau moyen de satisfaction de vie. La théorie du cours de la vie et le modèle écosystémique nous servent de cadre de référence dans l'interprétation des résultats.

Abstract

Few studies examine the university experience of visible-minority single mothers. The present study therefore explores the risk and resilience factors related to their adjustment and academic success through a mixed methods design (2 questionnaires—the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Psychological Stress Measure [PSM]—and focus groups). Focus group data were qualitatively analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA). Once the preliminary results were obtained, the participants were asked to attend a second focus group to validate them. On the basis of this participatory research process, 2 themes emerged from their discourse: (a) the maternal experience and (b) acculturation, that is, adaptation and integration to the host country and the academic environment. Questionnaire results revealed a low level of psychological stress and an average level of life satisfaction. Life course theory and the ecosystemic model serve as a framework in the interpretation of our findings.

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cover image Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Volume 32Number 3September 2013
Pages: 89 - 107

History

Version of record online: 29 Octobre 2013

Mots-clés

  1. single mothers
  2. university
  3. visible minorities
  4. immigration
  5. adaptation
  6. student retention

Mots-clés

  1. mères monoparentales
  2. université
  3. minorités visibles
  4. immigration
  5. adaptation
  6. persistance académique

Authors

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Sophie-Claire Valiquette-Tessier
Julie Gosselin

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