Black Youth Mentorship: Project Artemo and Opportunities for Proactive Cross-Sector Mental Wellness Support

Publication: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
23 January 2024

Abstract

In this qualitative study, researchers interviewed 10 participants (five mentees and five mentors) of the 2020–2021 Artemo Black Youth Mentorship program session. The Artemo program takes place with Black youth across Alberta, with a focus in Edmonton, Calgary, and Fort McMurray. The program focuses on providing supports for a mental health preventative approach, employment/educational supports, and a gender intersectionality focus throughout Alberta. To assess the program, organizers hired an independent researcher to maintain anonymity. Findings from the interviews spoke to larger themes related to Black youth mental health and well-being, as well as community-based approaches to supporting them. Our findings offer three key themes. First, youth offered their own perceptions of mental wellness. Second, they explained stigma, a lack of cultural competency and representation among service providers, and financial costs, as significant barriers to mental health and wellness. Third they discussed opportunities for youth mentorship to fill service gaps and act as a form of resistance. Opportunities include strategies to navigate mental health stigma, opportunities to build trust, benefits of centralizing experiences of race and culture, and benefits of non-medicalized mental wellness support.

Résumé

À la faveur de cette étude qualitative, les chercheurs ont interrogé 10 participants (5 mentorés et 5 mentors) durant la session 2020-2021 du programme de mentorat ArTeMo pour les jeunes des communautés noires. Le programme ArTeMo s’adresse aux jeunes des communautés noires plus particulièrement à Edmonton, Calgary et Fort McMurray. Le programme met l’accent tant sur la mise à disposition de soutiens préventifs en santé mentale et de soutiens professionnels et éducatifs, que sur l’intersectionnalité des genres à travers l’Alberta. Afin d’évaluer le programme, les organisateurs ont engagé un chercheur indépendant de manière à garantir l’anonymat. Les résultats des entrevues mettent en évidence les principaux thèmes liés à la santé mentale et au bien-être des jeunes noirs, de même que les approches inhérentes à la communauté pour les soutenir. Les résultats font ressortir 3 thèmes. Premièrement, les jeunes ont décrit leur propre vision de la santé mentale. Deuxièmement, ils ont pointé la stigmatisation, le manque de représentations et compétences culturelles des fournisseurs de services ainsi que les coûts financiers comme obstacles significatifs au bien-être et à la santé mentale. Et enfin, troisièmement, ils ont discuté des opportunités de mentorat pour les jeunes en vue de combler les carences de service et de manifester une forme de résistance. Les propositions incluent des stratégies pour gérer la stigmatisation en matière de santé mentale, des opportunités pour bâtir la confiance, les bénéfices de centraliser les expériences en termes de race et de culture, et les avantages d’un support non médical en santé mentale.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

Anderson K. K., McKenzie K. J., and Kurdyak P. 2017 Examining the impact of migrant status on ethnic differences in mental health service use preceding a first diagnosis of schizophrenia Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology: The International Journal for Research in Social and Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health Services 52 8 949 -961
Archie S., Akhtar-Danesh N., Norman R., Malla A., Roy P., and Zipursky R. B. 2010 Ethnic diversity and pathways to care for a first episode of psychosis in Ontario Schizophrenia Bulletin 36 4 688 -701
Assari S., Moghani Lankarani M., and Caldwell C. H. 2017 Discrimination increases suicidal ideation in black adolescents regardless of ethnicity and gender Behavioral Sciences 7 4 75
Belgrave F. Z. and Berry B. M. 2016 Community approaches to promoting positive mental health and psychosocial well-being Handbook of Mental Health in African American Youth 121 -140 Springer Cham
Benton T., Njoroge W. F., and Ng W. Y. 2022 Sounding the alarm for children’s mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic JAMA Pediatrics e216295 -e216295
Boak A., Elton-Marshall T., Mann R. E., Henderson J. L., and Hamilton H. A. 2020 The mental health and well-being of Ontario students, 1991-2017: Detailed OSDUHS findings CAMH Research Document Series no. 47 Toronto Centre for Addiction and Mental Health https://www.camh.ca/-/media/files/pdf---osduhs/osduhs-mh-report2019-pdf.pdf
Braun V. and Clarke V. 2006 Using thematic analysis in psychology Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 2 77 -101
DeWit D. J., DuBois D., Erdem G., Larose S., and Lipman E.L. 2016 The role of program supported mentoring relationships in promoting youth mental health, behavioral and developmental outcomes Prevention Science 17 5 646 -657
Fante-Coleman T. and Jackson-Best F. 2020 Barriers and facilitators to accessing mental healthcare in Canada for Black youth: A scoping review Adolescent Research Review 5 2 115 -136
Goldenberg T., Jadwin-Cakmak L., Popoff E., Reisner S. L., Campbell B. A., and Harper G. W. 2019 Stigma, gender affirmation, and primary healthcare use among Black transgender youth Journal of Adolescent Health 65 4 483 -490
Government of Canada 2006 The human face of mental health and mental illness in Canada 2006 https://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/human-humain06/pdf/human_face_e.pdf
Grills C., Cooke D., Douglas J., Subica A., Villanueva S., and Hudson B. 2016 Culture, racial socialization, and positive African American youth development Journal of Black Psychology 42 4 343 -373
Gulliver A., Griffiths K. M., and Christensen H. 2010 Perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking in young people: A systematic review BMC Psychiatry 10 1 1 -9
Haner D. and Pepler D. 2016 “Live Chat” clients at kids help phone: Individual characteristics and problem topics Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 25 3 138
Harper E. A., James A. G., Curtis C., and Ramey D. 2021 Using the participatory culture-specific intervention model to improve a positive youth development program for African American adolescent girls Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation 31 1 61 -81
Höltge J., Theron L., van Rensburg A., Cowden R. G., Govender K., and Ungar M. 2021 Investigating the interrelations between systems of support in 13‐ to 18‐year‐old adolescents: A network analysis of resilience promoting systems in a high and middle‐income country Child Development 92 2
Hurd N. M., Varner F. A., and Rowley S. J. 2013 Involved-vigilant parenting and socio-emotional well-being among Black youth: The moderating influence of natural mentoring relationships Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42 10 1583 -1595
Jivanjee P., Kruzich J. M., and Gordon L. J. 2009 The age of uncertainty: Parent perspectives on the transitions of young people with mental health difficulties to adulthood Journal of Child and Family Studies 18 4 435 -446
Jones S. C., Anderson R. E., and Metzger I. W. 2020 “Standing in the gap”: The continued importance of culturally competent therapeutic interventions for Black youth Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health 5 3 327 -339
Lopez-Carmen V., McCalman J., Benveniste T., Askew D., Spurling G., Langham E., and Bainbridge R. 2019 Working together to improve the mental health of indigenous children: A systematic review Children and Youth Services Review 104 104408.
Mental Health Commission of Canada 2013 School-based mental health and substance abuse project https://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/wp-content/uploads/drupal/2016-06/SubstanceAbuse_SBMHSA_Summary_ENG_1_0.pdf
Mental Health Commission of Canada 2021 Shining a light on mental health in Black communities https://mentalhealthcommission.ca/resource/shining-a-light-on-mental-health-in-black-communities/
Munson M. R., Stanhope V., Small L., and Atterbury K. 2017 “At times I kinda felt I was in an institution”: Supportive housing for transition age youth and young adults Children and Youth Services Review 73 430 -436
Murney M. A., Sapag J. C., Bobbili S. J., and Khenti A. 2020 Stigma and discrimination related to mental health and substance use issues in primary health care in Toronto, Canada: A Qualitative Study International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 15 1 1744926
Parker A. 2021 Reframing the narrative: Black maternal mental health and culturally meaningful support for wellness Infant Mental Health Journal 42 4 502 -516
Raposa E. B., Rhodes J. E., and Herrera C. 2016 The impact of youth risk on mentoring relationship quality: Do mentor characteristics matter? American Journal of Community Psychology 57 3–4 320 -329
Ridder H. G. 2017 The theory contribution of case study research designs Business Research 10 281 -305
Rogers L. O. and Way N. 2021 Child development in an ideological context: Through the lens of resistance and accommodation Child Development Perspectives 15 4 242 -248
Ross A. T., Powell A. M., and Henriksen R. C. Jr 2016 Self-identity: A key to Black student success Ideas and Research You Can Use: VISTAS https://www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/vistas/article_64ce5528f16116603abcacff0000bee5e7.pdf?sfvrsn=6
Salami B., Denga B., Taylor R., Ajayi N., Jackson M., Asefaw M., and Salma J. 2021 Original qualitative research; Access to mental health for Black youths in Alberta Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice 41 9 245
Sapiro B. and Ward A. 2020 Marginalized youth, mental health, and connection with others: A review of the literature Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 37 4 343 -357
Shahsiah S. and Ying Yee J. 2006 Striving for best practices and equitable mental health care access for racialised communities in Toronto Toronto, ON Access Alliance Multicultural Community Health Centre and Across Boundaries
Stake R. E. 2005 Qualitative case studies Denzin N. K. and Lincoln Y. S. SAGE handbook of qualitative research 3rd 443 -466 London, Thousand Oaks Sage Publications
Statistics Canada 2022 May 6 Youth mental health in the spotlight again, as pandemic drags on https://www.statcan.gc.ca/o1/en/plus/907-youth-mental-health-spotlight-again-pandemic-drags
Steinberg L. 2020 Adolescence 12 th Edition New York McGraw-Hill Education
Taylor D. and Richards D. 2019 Triple jeopardy: Complexities of racism, sexism, and ageism on the experiences of mental health stigma among young Canadian Black Women of Caribbean descent Frontiers in Sociology 43
Taylor R. 2022 A Qualitative Grounded Theory Study of Black Canadian Mental Health Service Use (Doctoral dissertation, University of Windsor [Canada])
Tuck E. and Yang K. W. 2011 Youth resistance revisited: New theories of youth negotiations of educational injustices International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 24 5 521 -530
Tuck E. and Yang K. W. 2014 Introduction to youth resistance research and theories of change Tuck E. and Yang K. W. Youth Resistance Research and Theories of Change New York, NY Routledge
Wright C., Standen P. J., and Patel T. 2009 Black youth matters: Transitions from school to success Routledge

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Volume 42Number 4December 2023
Pages: 73 - 89

History

Version of record online: 23 January 2024

Key Words

  1. Black youth mentorship
  2. mental health
  3. community intervention
  4. adolescent

Mots-clés

  1. mentorat jeune noir
  2. santé mentale
  3. intervention communautaire
  4. adolescent

Authors

Affiliations

Mia Tulli-Shah [email protected]
Odion Welch
Emmanuel Onah

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Other Metrics

Citations

Cite As

Export Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

There are no citations for this item

View Options

Login options

Check if you access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Subscribe

Click on the button below to subscribe to Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health

Purchase options

Purchase this article to get full access to it.

Restore your content access

Enter your email address to restore your content access:

Note: This functionality works only for purchases done as a guest. If you already have an account, log in to access the content to which you are entitled.

View options

PDF

View PDF

Media

Media

Other

Tables

Share Options

Share

Share the article link

Share on social media