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De La Prise En Charge Pénale à L'intervention Psychiatrique: Modes De Circulation Et Impacts De La Nouvelle Législation Criminelle

Publication: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
April 1995

Résumé

La question des rapports entre la psychiatric et la justice n'est pas nouvelle. On la retrouve au 19ième siècle dans les efforts de mise en place des systèmes contemporains de gestion sociale. Déjè è cette époque, on peut identifier les grands axes qui vont marquer aussi bien les analyses que les politiques développées par la suite. Ainsi, diverses questions se posent avec acuité: la maladie mentale est-elle la cause de la criminalité? Les «fous» doivent-ils ou non être tenus responsables de leurs crimes? Quelles sont les mesures appropriées pour guérir, réformer, ou contrôler? En d'autres termes, qui du malade ou du criminel dictera les mesures è prendre? Ces questions, si elles sont formulées aujourd'hui dans d'autres termes, n'en gardent pas moins toute leur actualité. Dans le présent article nous présenterons une esquisse des modes de prise en charge, par le système pénal, des personnes souffrant de problèmes de santé mentale. Ce portrait se fonde sur des études récentes menées è Montréal ainsi que des travaux récents entrepris dans des perspectives similaires ailleurs au Canada ainsi qu'aux États-Unis. Nous examinerons par la suite les grandes étapes du processus judiciaire et nous verrons où et comment se jouent les nouvelles dispositions du Code criminel, particulièrement en ce qu'elles vont modifier les rapports entre le tribunal et les instances psychiatriques.

Abstract

Psychiatry and criminal justice have been closely related for a long time. Traces of such ties can already be found during the 19th century through the establishment of the contemporary systems of social control. Various questions that will mark the development of policies in this domain were important objects of discussion and analysis: Is mental illness a cause of criminality? Should the “insane” be held responsible for their crimes? What are the appropriate measures to heal, reform, control? In other words, should we consider the individual as sick or as criminal? If these questions are formulated differently nowadays they haven't lost any of their relevance. In this article, we will briefly present the forms of intervention available to the criminal justice system when dealing with persons suffering from mental health problems. This presentation is based on recent studies conducted in Montreal, elsewhere in Canada, as well as in the United States. The main stages of the criminal justice process will be examined, taking into account the recent modifications to the Canadian Criminal Code and its impact on the relations between the courts and psychiatric facilities. This type of situation is not without impact on community mental health for two main reasons. First, with the diminishing public funding of various health services there seems to be a growing practice of criminalization of persons suffering from mental health problems, especially the most vulnerable segments of this population. Secondly, there is a growing trend, in the criminal justice system, of requiring support from community groups of facilities to deal with these criminalized individuals. In the coming years criminalization will constitute an increasing and complex challenge for community mental health.

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Volume 14Number 1April 1995
Pages: 103 - 122

History

Version of record online: 4 Mai 2009

Authors

Affiliations

Danielle Laberge
Université du Québec à Montréal
Daphné Morin
Université du Québec à Montréal
Marie Robert
Université du Québec à Montréal

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