Volume 14 • Number 1 • April 1995
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Vol. 14No. 1pp. 5–14
The academy is currently struggling to face the challenge of curriculum transformation—the attempt to deal with systemic inequality as it is manifested in educational process and content. These struggles turn the classroom into a laboratory where students and teachers must grapple without guidelines with the legacy of patriarchy and imperialism. This paper describes the author's process of working on curriculum transformation with respect to issues of race and ethnicity, from the standpoint of a white, female social work teacher. Such work poses radical challenges to the intersections of one's identity, institutional forms, and knowledge itself. These intersections create the opportunity to raise questions about good teaching and good citizenship.
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Vol. 14No. 1pp. 15–27
L'intervention préventive, souvent issue des études sur les facteurs de risque, se déploie envers et contre les éléments néfastes spécifiques au problèmes que l'on cherche è prévenir. Cet article propose d'examiner l'apport potentiel de la notion de résistance au domaine de l'action préventive et de l'action promotionnelle: l'identification des facteurs protecteurs de l'adaptation et des ingrédients personnels de la résistance conduit vers le choix optimal des objectifs de l'intervention préventive et de l'intervention promotionnelle. Par ailleurs, les stratégies d'intervention promotionnelle constituent une voie privilégiée vers l'acquisition de connaissance quant aux liens dynamiques entre les facteurs adverses et protecteurs entourant l'adaptation psychosociale de l'enfant. La pertinence d'étudier plus è fond les processus et mécanismes de la résistance est discutée.
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Vol. 14No. 1pp. 29–48
This quasi-experimental study evaluated the effectiveness of a 16-week group curriculum designed to strengthen prosocial attitudes and interpersonal skills of parents at risk for child maltreatment to assist them in building more supportive and satisfactory networks. The 23 parents receiving social-support skill training were compared with 15 parents participating in a standard agency discussion group. Primary outcome measures included social network characteristics, attitudes toward and satisfaction with support. Of secondary or clinical interest were measures of parent well-being and relationships among variables. The posttraining networks of parents in the experimental groups had a significantly larger percentage of members from community organizations, and significantly smaller proportions of “other friends.” Though nonsignificant, parents in the experimental groups also reported a reduction in network density, and increases in satisfaction with network size and support from friends.
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Vol. 14No. 1pp. 49–59
Considerable controversy surrounds treatment programs for abusive men. Numerous different models of intervention have been proposed and there is little agreement about which approach, if any, is most effective in preventing further abuse. Despite the diversity of programs, the structure of the programs is typically derived from clinical or educational models of service delivery. These models imply certain roles and responsibilities for both those giving and those receiving treatment. The New Leaf program described in this paper presents a different model of service delivery. Rather than adopting structures from traditional mental health or educational perspectives, the New Leaf program bases its structure on those of alternative service organizations, as exemplified by some peace movement and feminist organizations. This community action approach includes providing group treatment to abusive men, but also includes a wide range of activities outside the usual professional roles of therapist or teacher, such as community development, crisis intervention, home visits, and instrumental help to the men and their partners. The strengths and weaknesses of the various models of service delivery are discussed.
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Vol. 14No. 1pp. 61–77
We describe a qualitative study of four neighbourhood centres jointly created by a sponsoring agency and community members to prevent problems in the lives of children and adults in these neighbourhoods. Individual and focus group interviews with staff, community members, and other agency workers were used to develop an understanding of issues involved at various stages across the lifespan of these settings. Two tensions noted in this process were between community members and professionals from the sponsoring organization and between lower-class and middle-class community members. We discuss the implications of these findings for practice in community development.
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Vol. 14No. 1pp. 79–101
La création d'un registre permanent sur le suicide a permis de réaliser une description quantitative du phénomène du suicide dans la région de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue pour la période 1986-1991. Elle porte sur 218 cas de suicide répertoriés par le Bureau du Coroner du Québec. Une grille d'analyse de contenu des fichiers des coroners permet l'analyse de 87 variables potentiellement associées au suicide. Les résultats permettent de saisir l'évolution des taux de suicide dans la région en relation avec les taux du reste du Québec et de présenter les différences intra-régionales. Plusieurs variables se sont avérées significativement reliées au suicide telles: le sexe, l'âge, le milieu rural vs milieu urbain, la mêthode, le lieu, la saison, etc. Une recension des recherches récentes sur le suicide è travers le monde est également présentée et permet de constater que dans l'ensemble, le profil du suicide de cette région du Québec s'apparente è celui qui prévaut ailleurs en Amérique du Nord et en Europe avec cependant certaines particularités.
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Vol. 14No. 1pp. 103–122
La question des rapports entre la psychiatric et la justice n'est pas nouvelle. On la retrouve au 19ième siècle dans les efforts de mise en place des systèmes contemporains de gestion sociale. Déjè è cette époque, on peut identifier les grands axes qui vont marquer aussi bien les analyses que les politiques développées par la suite. Ainsi, diverses questions se posent avec acuité: la maladie mentale est-elle la cause de la criminalité? Les «fous» doivent-ils ou non être tenus responsables de leurs crimes? Quelles sont les mesures appropriées pour guérir, réformer, ou contrôler? En d'autres termes, qui du malade ou du criminel dictera les mesures è prendre? Ces questions, si elles sont formulées aujourd'hui dans d'autres termes, n'en gardent pas moins toute leur actualité. Dans le présent article nous présenterons une esquisse des modes de prise en charge, par le système pénal, des personnes souffrant de problèmes de santé mentale. Ce portrait se fonde sur des études récentes menées è Montréal ainsi que des travaux récents entrepris dans des perspectives similaires ailleurs au Canada ainsi qu'aux États-Unis. Nous examinerons par la suite les grandes étapes du processus judiciaire et nous verrons où et comment se jouent les nouvelles dispositions du Code criminel, particulièrement en ce qu'elles vont modifier les rapports entre le tribunal et les instances psychiatriques.
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Vol. 14No. 1pp. 123–127
La psychiatrie et la santé communautaire ont plusieurs point en commun. Les spécialistes de ces deux disciplines n'utilisent pas de technologie sophistiquée, les résultats de leurs recherches ne sont pas très spectaculaires, et les psychiatres, tout comme les médecins en santé communautaire, on une pauvre image publique. Les représentants de ces deux spécialités médicales devraient travailler plus étroitement ensemble et développer des alliances pour promouvoir la santé mentale dans différents domaines: problèmes comportementaux chez les enfants, alcoolisme et toxicomanies, suicide chez les adolescents, réinsertion sociale des malades mentaux, maladies mentates chez les personnes âgées, violence et abus sexuels, etc. L'auteur croit que les deux solitudes doivent être brisées et qu'un travail d'équipe devrait être entrepris pour améliorer la santé mentale communautaire de la population.
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Vol. 14No. 1pp. 129–132
Miedema (1994) presented several observations about psychiatric hospitalization in New Brunswick based on interviews with 48 formerly hospitalized patients. These observations are taken by Miedema to represent data from which “concepts” about the experience of hospitalization are said to evolve. In at least six areas, however, the images created by Miedema are greatly oversimplified. Moreover, they do not uniquely support the particular psychiatric perspective which Miedema wishes to put forward. Equally valid data and images about hospitalization, not without their own oversimplifications, could have been obtained from persons advancing a credulous rather than only a skeptical perspective on mental illness.
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Vol. 14No. 1pp. 133–136
Stewart Page argues that my article “‘Control or Treatment?’ Experiences of People who have been Psychiatrically Hospitalized in New Brunswick” (CJCMII, Vol. 13 No. 1. Spring 1994) contains many oversimplifications. However, analyzing his critique reveals that Page makes some broad statements that seem to be based in a patronizing attitude toward people who have been psychiatrically hospitalized. For example, the experiences of psychiatric patients cannot be compared to those of non-psychiatric patients because the treatment of people with “mental illness” is regulated by a powerful measure: the Mental Health Act. Furthermore, the poor living conditions of some of the research participants had a major impact on their experiences inside the hospital. “Mental illness” is a complex and multi-faceted problem. The first step to gain insight into it is to listen to the voices of people who have first-hand experiences: people who have been psychiatrically hospitalized.
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