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Treating Families with Adolescents: An Ecological Approach

Publication: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
September 1983

Abstract

Over the past fifteen years, there have been recommendations in the field of psychotherapy and specifically in the field of family therapy to develop an ecological approach to the delivery of mental health services. Auerswald (1968) and Hoffman and Long (1969) graphically anecdoted the problems encountered by families “being helped” by several different agencies, each of which was working at cross purposes to the other. To avoid such splintering of services, an integrated approach has been advocated but as yet there exist few models of how to actually achieve this integration in a system which is already splintered. Such a system may exist when adolescents live outside their families and receive therapy from multiple sources. For example, if a teenager is in residential care it is not unusual to find representatives from the probation, school and social services systems all involved in delivering treatment. This is in addition to the services provided by the residential care staff. With so many helpers involved, there is a high potential for therapy to be fragmented. The focus of this paper, therefore, is to discuss an ecological approach to treating families who have a teenager living in residential care. The assumption is made that adolescents can best be treated in a family systems context. Initially, the ecological approach will be presented and attention will be given to the potential problems involved in working with multiple helpers. How specific family and individual developmental issues influence treatment planning will be discussed. Therapeutic issues to consider when implementing the ecological approach will be raised and practical suggestions will be given to facilitate effective work with multiple helpers.

Résumé

En thérapie, et plus particulièrement en thérapîe familiale, on a recommandé, au cours des 15 dernières années, de développer une approache écologique pour les services de santé mentale. Auerswald (1968) de même que Hoffman et Long (1969) ont relevé sous forme de graphiques anecdotiques les problèmes que rencontrent les familles qui reçoivent de l'aide de différentes agences, chacune travaillant avec des intentions opposées aux autres. Pour éviter cet éparpillement des services, on a mis de l'avant une approache intégrée mais il existe peu de modèles facilitant cette intégration dans un système déjà fragmenté. Un tel système existe quand les adolescents vivent hors du milicu familial et reçoivent des traitements thérapeutiques de plusicurs sources différentes, Si, par exemple, un adolescent se trouve dans un centre d'accueil, il n'est pas inhabituel de trouver des représentants des services de probation, de l'école et des services sociaux, tous impliqués dans le traitement. Et tout cela en plus des services offerts par le personnel du centre d'accueil. L'intervention d'un si grand nombre d'aidants risque de fragmenter le processus thérapeutique. Le but de cet article est de discuter d'une approache écologique pour traiter les familles qui ont un adolescent en centre d'accueil. Comme point de départ, on prétend que le système familial demeure le lieu privilégié du traitement. On présente l'approache écologique et on traite spécialement des problèmes générés par la présence de plusieurs aidants. On discute de l'influence du caractère spécifique de la famille et du développement individuel sur la planification du traitement. Les auteurs soulignent les dimensions thérapeutiques dont il faut tenir compte en implantant l'approache écologique et fournissent des suggestions pratiques pour faciliter un travail efficace avec plusieurs aidants.

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Volume 2Number 2September 1983
Pages: 21 - 28

History

Version of record online: 23 April 2009

Authors

Affiliations

Maureen Leahey
Arnold Slive
Holy Cross Hospital, Calgary

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