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Custody and Access Issues with Children Whose Parents are Separated or Divorced

Publication: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
January 2002

Abstract

This article discusses the effects of family breakdown—and the resulting issues of custody and access—on children. It explores trends in child custody and access and issues surrounding those trends, particularly in terms of the benefits and limitations of joint custody. It then identifies the contextual problems of family breakups (including the relative poverty experienced by mother-led families, the unreliability of financial support from fathers, the complications for children which result from step-parent figures, including serial partners of their parents, the implications of interparental conflict, the need to fully address suspicions and/or allegations of abuse by one parent against another, and the problem of Parental Alienation Syndrome). Typical responses of children to family breakup are then considered, including feelings of loss, guilt, and responsibility, and a sense of divided loyalties—particularly in light of intense or violent parental conflict. And finally, recommendations are made to minimize the detrimental effects of family breakup on children: (a) allowing children choice and flexibility, (b) exploring the benefits of mediation for families, (c) promoting parental co-operation, and (d) encouraging an on-going relationship with the nonresidential parent.

Résumé

Cet article examine les effets sur les enfants de la dissolution familiale et des questions de la garde légale et des droits de visite des parents qui en résulte. On explore les tendances courantes dans les domaines de la garde et des droits de visite, notamment en abordant les avantages et les limites de la garde partagée. Le contexte dans lequel les familles séparées vivent fait l'objet d'une discussion, ce qui permet d'aborder les thèmes de la pauvreté rélative chez les mères de famille monoparentales, l'incertitude financière vis-à-vis la contribution du père, les difficultés rencontrées par les enfants qui ont des beaux-parents, les changements fréquents de partenaire chez les parents, les implications des conflits parentaux, la nécessité de se préoccuper avec soin des soupçons et allégations d'abus d'un parent à l'égard de l'autre et le syndrome de l'aliénation parentale. Les réactions typiques des enfants à la dissolution familiale sont examinés (entre autres les sentiments de perte, culpabilité et responsabilité et le conflit de loyauté pouvant être ressenti par les jeunes, notamment en contexte des conflits parentaux intenses ou violents). Des recommandations sont finalement énoncées afin de diminuer les effets préjudiciables de la dissolution familiale sur les enfants: (a) la facilitation du choix et de la flexibilité chez l'enfant, (b) l'exploration des bénéfices associés à la médiation familiale, (c) la coopération entre les parents et (d) la continuité de la relation entre le parent qui ne vit pas avec l'enfant et ce dernier.

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cover image Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Volume 21Number S4January 2002
Pages: 25 - 38

History

Version of record online: 12 May 2009

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Sally E. Palmer

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