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La Psychopathologie Du Travail: Une Lecture Différente Du Rapport Travail-Santé Mentale

Publication: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
September 1992

Abstract

Research in North American regarding work and mental health has been most concentrated, until now, on stress issues. Another approach has been developed in France, called “work psychopathology” (psychopathologie du travail) which is based mainly on theories stemming from sociology of work and psychoanalysis. This approach is concerned with prevention, before work pathologies develop. It addresses the issue of the worker's mental health and work organization. It studies work organization, social relationships, and collective behaviour at work, trying to discover which factors are negative and which are positive for mental health. Pleasure and suffering are inseparable elements in work situations. It is important to know the sources and conditions of their development so we can avoid negative consequences like depression, burn out, and somatic disorders. Two studies done in Quebec show results revealing the heuristic richness of this approach, and the appropriateness of two main factors related to mental health: the quality of work communities and community-based collective defense strategies.

Résumé

En Amérique du Nord, jusqu'à ce jour, les recherches faites sur la santé mentale au travail se sont structurées autour de la notion de stress. Une autre approche, développée en France, est proposée par la psychopathologie du travail qui tire ses référents théoriques à la fois de la sociologie du travail et de la psychanalyse. Se situant dans la sphère de la prévention, du prépathologique, elle interroge le rapport psychique de l'homme au travail et plus particulièrement à l'organisation du travail, Elle tente d'y découvrir les éléments pathogènes ou structurants pour l'équilibre psychique à travers les rapports de travail tels que vécus collectivement par les travailleurs. Plaisir et souffrance sont des éléments qui peuvent cohabiter; il s'agit d'en découvrir les sources afin d'éviter la dérive vers la pathologie: dépression, épuisement professionnel, ou somatisation. À partir de quelques résultats de deux recherches menées au Québec, nous tenterons de dégager la fécondité heuristique de cette approche à partir principalement de l'étude de la place des collectifs de travail, et des stratégies collectives de défense qu'ils rendent possibles, en regard de la santé mentale.

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cover image Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Volume 11Number 2September 1992
Pages: 109 - 121

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Version of record online: 6 Mai 2009

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Marie-Claire Carpentier Roy

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