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The Consequences of Alcohol-Involved Sexual Victimization in Male and Female College Students

Publication: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
1 February 2019

Abstract

Alcohol intoxication is often involved for both victims and perpetrators of sexual victimization. Yet, alcohol-involved sexual victimization research has mainly focused on female victims, excluding male victims. The current study addresses gaps in the literature by focusing on sex differences in the emotional harms (anxiety and depression symptomatology) experienced by sexual victimization victims when either the perpetrator or victim was drinking. Five-hundred-and-ten undergraduate drinkers (153 male; 357 female) participated. Models included two dichotomized predictors that occurred during participants’ first year of university (sexually victimized when the victim was drinking, sexually victimized by someone who was drinking), and two emotional outcomes (anxiety, depression). Age was controlled in all path analyses and sex was examined as a moderator. When predictors were examined in separate models, both predictors were associated with increased anxiety but not depression. These effects were significantly stronger among men. When both predictors were entered simultaneously, individuals who were victimized by someone drinking displayed increased anxiety, and this relationship was stronger among men than women victims. Being victimized when drinking was no longer associated with anxiety, consistent with prior findings that post-traumatic distress may be minimized when a trauma occurs while the victim is intoxicated. Results highlight the impact sexual victimization can have for both male and female victims, and point to the need for evidence-based policies to prevent emotional second-hand alcohol harms among male and female students alike.

Résumé

L’intoxication à l’alcool est une situation souvent présente chez les victimes et les auteurs de victimisation sexuelle. Pourtant, à ce jour, les recherches sur la victimisation sexuelle impliquant la consommation d’alcool ont essentiellement porté sur les sujets de sexe féminin en négligeant les victimes masculines. La présente étude vise à combler les lacunes de la littérature existante en mettant l’accent sur les différences observées entre les sexes en ce qui concerne les préjudices émotionnels (symptomatologie anxieuse et dépressive) subis par les victimes d’agressions sexuelles lorsque l’auteur ou la personne agressée était sous l’effet d’alcool. Cinq cent dix buveurs de premier cycle (153 hommes et 357 femmes) ont participé à l’étude. Les modèles retenus comprenaient deux prédicteurs dichotomisés survenus lors de la première année universitaire des participants (violences sexuelles à l’égard d’une victime qui était sous l’effet de l’alcool et violences sexuelles commises par un agresseur qui était sous l’effet de l’alcool) et deux états émotionnels (l’anxiété et la dépression). L’âge a fait l’objet d’un contrôle dans l’ensemble des analyses de pistes causales, alors que le sexe fut examiné en tant qu’élément modérateur. Lorsqu’ils furent analysés dans le cadre de modèles distincts, les deux prédicteurs furent associés à une augmentation des troubles anxieux, mais non de la dépression. Cette relation s’est révélée nettement plus marquée chez les victimes de sexe masculin. Lorsque les deux prédicteurs ont été saisis simultanément, les personnes victimisées par un agresseur qui était sous l’effet de l’alcool ont affiché un niveau accru d’anxiété, cette relation étant nettement plus manifeste chez les victimes masculines que féminines. Être victimisé tout en étant sous l’effet de l’alcool n’était plus une condition associée à l’émergence de l’anxiété, ce qui concordait avec les résultats d’études antérieures selon lesquelles la détresse post-traumatique peut se trouver atténuée lorsqu’un traumatisme survient alors que la victime est en état d’ébriété. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence l’incidence que la victimisation sexuelle peut avoir sur les victimes masculines et féminines, et soulignent la nécessité de la mise en place de politiques fondées sur des données probantes pour prévenir les méfaits émotionnels secondaires associés à l’intoxication à l’alcool chez les étudiants de sexe masculin et féminin.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
Volume 37Number 3November 2018
Pages: 127 - 143

History

Version of record online: 1 February 2019

Key Words

  1. Sexual victimization
  2. alcohol
  3. second-hand harms
  4. anxiety
  5. depression

Mots-clés

  1. victimisation sexuelle
  2. alcool
  3. méfaits secondaires
  4. anxiété
  5. dépression

Authors

Affiliations

Ivy-Lee L. Kehayes [email protected]
Amanda Hudson
Kara Thompson
St. Francis Xavier University
Christine Wekerle
Heather Stuart
Keith Dobson
Terry Krupa
Sherry H. Stewart

Notes

The Caring Campus Toolkit is an integral part of the Caring Campus Project. The Toolkit can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2018-018

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