Volume 15 • Number 2 • September 1996
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Vol. 15No. 2pp. 27–44
This article describes the work of the legislation subcommittee of the steering committee responsible for the implementation of the Graham Report, Ontario's current blueprint for community mental health. It describes barriers to psychiatric survivor participation in the subcommittee's 1990 provincial consultation, including professional/bureaucratic characterization of survivor actions during the event as “bad manners.” I argue that this naming is an act of power. Conflicts arose because the two groups operate from different behavioural codes in which the pivotal issue, acted out indirectly in all kinds of interactions, was whether and how deeply to include personal experience and emotions as forms of knowledge. The cultural dimensions of “consumer participation” must be more broadly recognized and more consciously considered if this policy is to remain viable, particularly in a time of major economic restructuring.
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Vol. 15No. 2pp. 45–67
Cet article vise è réouvrir un questionnement autour de l'appropriation du pouvoir en santé mentale, en examinant comment des contextes discursifs particuliers en modifient et enrichissent le sens. Il compare d'abord la signification de l'appropriation du pouvoir dans deux associations qui la situent au coeur de leurs programmes mais sont dans des positions contrastées face au système psychiatrique: l'Association québécoise pour la réadaptation psychosociale et le Regroupement des ressources alternatives en santé mentale du Québec (RRASMQ). Nous nous centrons ensuite sur le RRASMQ et comparons la définition et l'opérationnalisation de l'appropriation du pouvoir dans des documents définissant sa philosophie d'action et dans des discussions de groupes avec des intervenants et des usager(ère)s. Enfin, nous discutons les résultats d'une étude conduite avec 60 usager(ère)s et qui reconstruit la signification subjective et les implications des problèmes de santé mentale du point de vue de la trajectoire de vie des usager(ère)s ainsi que leur mode d'utilisation des ressources alternatives dans le contexte plus large de leurs démarches de recherche d'aide. Les résultats conduisent è une notion élargie de l'appropriation du pouvoir et amènent è mettre en cause la tendance actuelle è une homogénéisation des pratiques dans le domaine de la réadaptation psychosociale.
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Vol. 15No. 2pp. 69–85
This article is an overview of consumer empowerment and involvement in the mental health field, with a focus on some recent Canadian developments as described in the formal literature. A brief description of traditional approaches to treatment and support for persons with serious mental health problems is provided, followed by a discussion of the principles of consumer empowerment and involvement. Three categories of involvement are described with a discussion of some of the associated benefits and barriers and methods for overcoming them. A discussion of directions for future work is also included.
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Vol. 15No. 2pp. 87–107
L'objet de cet article est double. D'une part, il tente d'enrichir le concept d'empowerment collectif en s'inspirant de la sociologie des mouvements sociaux. Ce courant fait place au sujet et è sa capacité de donner un sens è ses expériences mais propose également des outils conceptuels pour mieux comprendre les notions de pouvoir et de conscientisation. Il est particulièrement compatible avec le nouveau paradigme de recherche constructiviste qui émerge en psychologie communautaire. D'autre part, cet article pose la question de la place qu'occupe l'empowerment dans l'intervention psychosociale. À cet effet, la recension de 200 projets de promotion-prévention de la région métropolitaine de Montréal permet d'amorcer une réponse et de s'interroger sur l'avenir des pratiques s'inscrivant dans une perspective d'empowerment.
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Vol. 15No. 2pp. 109–121
Women who have been sexually abused have a great deal of difficulty finding helpful treatment. Many of the women in this study experienced feelings of powerlessness in therapy that were similar to the way they fell in their families. Most continued to search until they obtained appropriate services. Treatment that was most helpful was that in which women were able to exercise power and control.
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Vol. 15No. 2pp. 123–142
L'article a pour but d'estimer le potentiel du modèle de l'appropriation (empowerment) pour promouvoir la santé mentale des enfants. Certaines confusions correspondant è des enjeux fondamentaux du modèle sont relevées: la primauté du sujet de l'action d'appropriation et la perspective individuelle ou collective avec laquelle on se préoccupe de favoriser le gain de pouvoir ou de contrôle. Est synthétisée la documentation scientifique traitant de l'appropriation chez les enfants en matière de santé physique et mentale. Quelques considérations sur le bien-être des enfants, leurs besoins, leurs droits et leurs compétences sont ênoncées. En conclusion, les démarches d'appropriation s'adressant aux enfants sont présentées comme un tremplin pour leur santé mentale dans la mesure où l'on reconnaît les forces et les limites des enfants et où elles s'intègrent dans un ensemble de mesures préventives et promotionnelles.
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Vol. 15No. 2pp. 145–152
Participatory research is often suggested as a strategy to overcome power imbalances between researchers and research “subjects” because it values equally the knowledge of each individual who participates in the project. However, there is little documentation of the dilemmas that may arise when a complex community service organization attempts to engage in participatory research. In our experience of a participatory research project with multiple partners, power imbalances arose from organizationally based perspectives that were unaccounted for in the participatory research literature, demonstrating that power is a complex and elusive factor in establishing equal relations.
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Vol. 15No. 2pp. 153–165
The main purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of consumer/survivor participation in the operation of community mental health agencies in Metro Toronto. This article describes, from the viewpoint of agency executive directors, the nature and extent of consumer/survivor involvement and the difficulties encountered in implementing it. It appears that while involvement is increasing in specific, measurable ways in many agencies, the actual impact of consumers/survivor input on agency philosophies, policies, and practices is, at best, unclear. Agency directors tend to account for this in terms of the failure of consumers/survivors to “fit in” and meet agency expectations. Drawing on the literature on consumer/survivor involvement, the author suggests that the more fundamental problem is the continued imbalance of power between consumers/survivors and agency staff and the failure of agencies to create an environment conducive to meaningful consumer/survivor participation. There is, however, a high degree of interest in receiving support to address the issues encountered in developing partnerships with consumers/survivors.
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